Government regulation of private health insurance.

BACKGROUND: The strain on public resources to meet the healthcare needs of populations through publicly-provided health insurance programmes is increasing and many governments turn to private health insurance (PHI) to ease the pressure on government budgets. With the goal of improving access to basic health care for citizens through PHI programmes, several high-income countries have developed strong regulations for PHI schemes. Low- and middle-income countries have the opportunity to learn from this experience to optimise PHI. If poorly regulated, PHI can hardly achieve an adequate quantity or quality of population coverage, as can be seen in the USA where a third of adults younger than 65 years of age have no insurance, sporadic coverage or coverage that exposes them to high out-of-pocket healthcare costs. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of policies that regulate private health insurance on utilisation, quality, and cost of health care provided. SEARCH METHODS: In November 2019 we searched CENTRAL; MEDLINE; Embase; Sociological Abstracts and Social Services Abstracts; ICTRP; ClinicalTrials.gov; and Web of Science Core Collection for papers that have cited the included studies. This complemented the search conducted in February 2017 in IBSS; EconLit; and Global Health. We also searched selected grey literature databases and web-sites.  SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials, non-randomised trials, interrupted time series (ITS) studies, and controlled before-after (CBA) studies conducted in any population or setting that assessed one or more of the following interventions that governments use to regulate private health insurance: legislation and licensing, monitoring, auditing, and intelligence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of the evidence resolving discrepancies by consensus. We planned to summarise the results (using random-effects or fixed-effect meta-analysis) to produce an overall summary if an average intervention effect across studies was considered meaningful, and we would have discussed the implications of any differences in intervention effects across studies. However, due to the nature of the data obtained, we have provided a narrative synthesis of the findings. MAIN RESULTS: We included seven CBA studies, conducted in the USA, and that directly assessed state laws on cancer screening. Only for-profit PHI schemes were addressed in the included studies and no study addressed other types of PHI (community and not for-profit). The seven studies were assessed as having 'unclear risk' of bias. All seven studies reported on utilisation of healthcare services, and one study reported on costs. None of the included studies reported on quality of health care and patient health outcomes. We assessed the certainty of evidence for patient health outcomes, and utilisation and costs of healthcare services as very low. Therefore, we are uncertain of the effects of government mandates on for-profit PHI schemes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Our review suggests that, from currently available evidence, it is uncertain whether policies that regulate private health insurance have an effect on utilisation of healthcare services, costs, quality of care, or patient health outcomes. The findings come from studies conducted in the USA and might therefore not be applicable to other countries; since the regulatory environment could be different. Studies are required in countries at different income levels because the effects of government regulation of PHI are likely to differ across these income and health system settings. Further studies should assess the different types of regulation (including regulation and licensing, monitoring, auditing, and intelligence). While regulatory research on PHI remains relatively scanty, future research can draw on the rich body of research on the regulation of other health financing interventions such as user fees and results-based provider payments.

Payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings.

BACKGROUND: Changes to the method of payment for healthcare providers, including pay-for-performance schemes, are increasingly being used by governments, health insurers, and employers to help align financial incentives with health system goals. In this review we focused on changes to the method and level of payment for all types of healthcare providers in outpatient healthcare settings. Outpatient healthcare settings, broadly defined as 'out of hospital' care including primary care, are important for health systems in reducing the use of more expensive hospital services. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of different payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings on the quantity and quality of health service provision, patient outcomes, healthcare provider outcomes, cost of service provision, and adverse effects. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase (searched 5 March 2019), and several other databases. In addition, we searched clinical trials platforms, grey literature, screened reference lists of included studies, did a cited reference search for included studies, and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. We screened records from an updated search in August 2020, with any potentially relevant studies categorised as awaiting classification. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time series, and repeated measures studies that compared different payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient care settings. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We conducted a structured synthesis. We first categorised the payment methods comparisons and outcomes, and then described the effects of different types of payment methods on different outcome categories. Where feasible, we used meta-analysis to synthesise the effects of payment interventions under the same category. Where it was not possible to perform meta-analysis, we have reported means/medians and full ranges of the available point estimates. We have reported the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and the relative difference (as per cent change or mean difference (MD)) for continuous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: We included 27 studies in the review: 12 randomised trials, 13 controlled before-and-after studies, one interrupted time series, and one repeated measure study. Most healthcare providers were primary care physicians. Most of the payment methods were implemented by health insurance schemes in high-income countries, with only one study from a low- or middle-income country. The included studies were categorised into four groups based on comparisons of different payment methods. (1) Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods compared with existing payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings P4P incentives probably improve child immunisation status (RR 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.36; 3760 patients; moderate-certainty evidence) and may slightly increase the number of patients who are asked more detailed questions on their disease by their pharmacist (MD 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.54; 454 patients; low-certainty evidence). P4P may slightly improve primary care physicians' prescribing of guideline-recommended antihypertensive medicines compared with an existing payment method (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12; 362 patients; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain about the effects of extra P4P incentives on mean blood pressure reduction for patients and costs for providing services compared with an existing payment method (very low-certainty evidence). Outcomes related to workload or other health professional outcomes were not reported in the included studies. One randomised trial found that compared to the control group, the performance of incentivised professionals was not sustained after the P4P intervention had ended. (2) Fee for service (FFS) compared with existing payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings We are uncertain about the effect of FFS on the quantity of health services delivered (outpatient visits and hospitalisations), patient health outcomes, and total drugs cost compared to an existing payment method due to very low-certainty evidence. The quality of service provision and health professional outcomes were not reported in the included studies. One randomised trial reported that physicians paid via FFS may see more well patients than salaried physicians (low-certainty evidence), possibly implying that more unnecessary services were delivered through FFS. (3) FFS mixed with existing payment methods compared with existing payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings FFS mixed payment method may increase the quantity of health services provided compared with an existing payment method (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.76; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain about the effect of FFS mixed payment on quality of services provided, patient health outcomes, and health professional outcomes compared with an existing payment method due to very low-certainty evidence. Cost outcomes and adverse effects were not reported in the included studies. (4) Enhanced FFS compared with FFS for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings Enhanced FFS (higher FFS payment) probably increases child immunisation rates (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48; moderate-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether higher FFS payment results in more primary care visits and about the effect of enhanced FFS on the net expenditure per year on covered children with regular FFS (very low-certainty evidence). Quality of service provision, patient outcomes, health professional outcomes, and adverse effects were not reported in the included studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: For healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings, P4P or an increase in FFS payment level probably increases the quantity of health service provision (moderate-certainty evidence), and P4P may slightly improve the quality of service provision for targeted conditions (low-certainty evidence). The effects of changes in payment methods on health outcomes is uncertain due to very low-certainty evidence. Information to explore the influence of specific payment method design features, such as the size of incentives and type of performance measures, was insufficient. Furthermore, due to limited and very low-certainty evidence, it is uncertain if changing payment models without including additional funding for professionals would have similar effects. There is a need for further well-conducted research on payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings in low- and middle-income countries; more studies comparing the impacts of different designs of the same payment method; and studies that consider the unintended consequences of payment interventions.

Relación entre marcadores hematológicos y la respuesta patológica completa al tratamiento neoadyuvante en cáncer de recto localmente avanzado / Relationship between haematological markers and patological complete response to neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer

INTRODUCCIÓN: Múltiples marcadores hematológicos de inflamación pueden tener relación con un peor pronóstico en los pacientes oncológicos. PROPÓSITO: Este estudio evaluó si los cambios en marcadores hematológicos antes y después del tratamiento quimio-radioterápico (QT-RT) en cáncer de recto pueden estar asociados con la respuesta patológica completa. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 140 pacientes con cáncer de recto que recibieron tratamiento radioterápico neoadyuvante seguido de resección quirúrgica fueron revisados retrospectivamente. Se realizó analítica completa antes y después del tratamiento QT-RT. Se evaluaron leucocitos, hemoglobina, neutrófilos, linfocitos, monocitos, ratio neutrófilo-linfocitos (NLR), ratio plaqueta-linfocitos (PLR) y ratio linfocitos-monocitos (LMR). RESULTADOS: La respuesta patológica completa fue de 17,5%. Los marcadores hematológicos tuvieron una disminución significativa tras el tratamiento de QT-RT (p < 0,05), sin embargo en nuestro análisis no se relacionó con la respuesta patológica completa, salvo el PLR (p = 0,027). CONCLUSIÓN: Los marcadores hematológicos antres y después del tratamiento neoadyuvante no predicen la respuesta tumoral tras QT-RT en este estudio. Sin embargo una muestra mayor puede presentar resultados estadísticamente signifiacativos, especialmente con los monocitos

INTRODUCTION: Multiple haematological markers of inflammation might be related with poor prognosis in oncological patients. PURPOSE: This study evaluated whether changes of haematological markers before and after chemo-radiotherapy treatment in rectal cancer might be associated to pathological complete response. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 140 patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgical resection were retrospectively review. Complete bloods counts (CBC) was measured days before and after period of RT. We assessed white blood cells count (WBC), hemoglobin levels (Hb), neutrophils count, lymphocytes count, monocytes count, neutrophil-to-lymphocye ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). RESULTS: The overall rate of pCR was 17,5%. Hematological markers had a statistically significant decrease after CRT treatment (p < 0,05), however in our analysis they do not predict complete pathological response. CONCLUSION: Haematological markers before and after neoadjuvant treatment do not predict tumor responses in this study. However, a larger sample can show statistically significant results, especially in monocytes ratio

Quimioradioterapia en cáncer de recto y tasa de respuesta patológica / Chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer and pathological response

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento neoadyuvante con radioterapia y quimioterapia radiosensibilizante en el cáncer de recto localmente avanzado (CRLA) disminuye significativamente las tasas de recurrencia local. Por tanto el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la respuesta patológica completa (RPC) y parcial (RPP) tras el tratamiento neoadyuvante con quimioradioterapia en pacientes con CRLA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de CRLA desde enero 2016 a diciembre 2018 en el Servicio de Oncología-Radioterápica del Hospital Universitario La Paz. Se incluyeron 140 pacientes. Un grupo de pacientes (92,9%) se trató con radioterapia 3D conformada con una dosis de 45Gy sobre pelvis y una sobreimpresión de 5,4Gy sobre tumor primario y otro grupo (7,1%) se trató con radioterapia con técnica volumétrica y en arcoterapia (VMAT) guiado por imagen (IGRT) con una dosis de 53,7Gy en pelvis con sobreimpresión concurrente al tumor. La dosis de capecitabina oral fue de 850mg/m2 dos veces al día durante el tratamiento. Todos los pacientes fueron reevaluados con resonancia magnética (RM) post-neoadyuvancia. Los pacientes se operaron entre 6-8 semanas tras quimioradioterapia. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una RPC de 17,1% y RPP de 80,1% con una tasa global de downstaging de 31,8%. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que la quimioradioterapia neoadyuvante es un tratamiento seguro con aceptables tasas de control local en los pacientes con CRLA

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and radiosensitizing chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) significantly decreases local recurrence rates. Therefore the objective of this study is to analyze the pathological complete response (PCR) and partial response (PPR) of neoadjuvant treatment with exclusive chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It has been made a study descriptive, retrospective in a cohort of patients with LARC in the January 2016 to December 2018 period in the Radiation-Oncology Department of Hospital Universitario La Paz. 140 patients were included. A group of patients (92,9%) received treatment with radiotherapy 3D conformed technique with a dose administered the 45 Gy on pelvis and a boost of 5,4 Gy on tumor and other group (7,1%) received treatment with volumetric archotherapy radiotherapy (VMAT) guided by image (IGRT) with a dose administered of 53,7% on pelvis with concurrent boost and. The dose of capecitabine was 850 mg/m2, twice a day during the treatment. The patients were re-evaluated with post-neoadjuvant MRI. Patients were operated 6 to 8 weeks post chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: CPR was obtained of 17,1% and pPR of 80,1% with a global rate downstaging of 31,8%. CONCLUSION: It concludes that chemoradiotherapy neoadjuvant is a safe treatment with acceptable rates of local control in patients with LARC

Efectividad de la rehabilitación multimodal (biofeedback más radiofrecuencia capacitiva-resistiva) sobre el dolor pélvico crónico y la dispareunia: estudio prospectivo y revisión de la bibliografía / Effectiveness of multimodal rehabilitation (biofeedback plus capacitive-resistive radiofrequency) on chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia: prospective study and literature review

OBJETIVO: Demostrar si un protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal (biofeedback [BFB] más radiofrecuencia [RF] capacitiva-resistiva [INDIBA®]) disminuye el dolor y aumenta la fuerza muscular en los pacientes con dolor pélvico crónico (DPC) y dispareunia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo cuasiexperimental tipo antes-después a 37 pacientes con DPC y/o dispareunia derivados al Servicio de Rehabilitación del Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina (enero-2016 a diciembre-2018). El protocolo consistió en 8 sesiones de ejercicios de musculatura del suelo pélvico asistido con BFB manométrico (ejercicios tónicos/fásicos 15min, respectivamente) supervisado por fisioterapeuta, seguido de RF bipolar capacitiva (5min)/resistiva (10min) a nivel suprapúbico y perineovaginal. Las variables evaluadas fueron el dolor (EVA 0-10) y la fuerza (mmHg) de la musculatura del suelo pélvico al inicio/término del tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Edad media, 41,5±12,65 años. Es más frecuente entre los 21-40 años (n=20, 54%) y los 41-60 años (n=12; 32.4%). Dispareunia, n=34 (91,8%); DPC inespecífico, n=3 (8,2%). El protocolo mejoró el dolor (de 7,27±1,34 a 3,75±2,21 puntos), la fuerza muscular máxima (de 25,56±15,9mmHg a 35,35±20,4mmHg) y la media (de 4,86±3,53mmHg a 7,18±4,46mmHg), respectivamente (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSIÓN: EL DPC y la dispareunia suponen un reto diagnóstico que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario. El tratamiento debe iniciarse precozmente y con la asociación de diferentes modalidades terapéuticas. El protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal que incluye al BFB y a la RF capacitiva-resistiva disminuye el dolor y mejora la fuerza en los pacientes con DPC y dispareunia

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a multimodal rehabilitation protocol (Biofeedback [BFB] plus capacitive-resistive [INDIBA®] radiofrequency [RF]) reduces pain and increases muscular strength in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and dyspareunia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, quasi-experimental, before-after study in 37 patients with CPP and/or dyspareunia referred to the Rehabilitation Department of Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina (January 2016 to December 2018). The protocol consisted of 8 sessions of pelvic floor exercises assisted by manometric BFB (15min of tonic/phasic exercises each) supervised by a physiotherapist, followed by suprapubic and perineovaginal bipolar RF [capacitive(5 min)/resistive(10 min)]. The variables evaluated were pain (VAS 0-10) and strength (mmHg) of the pelvic floor musculature and the start/end of the treatment. RESULTS: The mean age was 41.5±12.65 years. The prevalence was higher among women aged 21-40 years (n=20, 54%) and those aged 41-60 years (n=12; 32.4%). Dyspareunia was present in 34 patients (91.8%), and non-specific CPP in 3 (8.2%). The protocol improved pain (from 7.27±1.34 to 3.75±2.21 points), maximal muscular strength (from 25.56±15.9mmHg to 35.35±20.4mmHg) and mean muscular strength (from 4.86±3.53mmHg to 7.18±4.46mmHg) respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: CPP and dyspareunia are a diagnostic challenge that requires multidisciplinary management. Treatment should be started early and should consist of distinct therapeutic modalities. The protocol of multimodal rehabilitation including BFB and capacitive-resistive RF reduces pain and improves strength in patients with CPP and dyspareunia

Efectividad de un paquete de medidas para reducir las bacteriemias asociadas a catéter venoso central / Effectiveness of a bundle of measures for reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones asociadas a catéter son la principal causa de bacteriemia nosocomial. El objetivo principal fue demostrar una posible disminución en las tasas de bacteriemia asociada a catéter venoso central (BACVC) del entorno perioperatorio tras implementar un paquete de medidas. El objetivo secundario fue determinar qué factores se asociaban a mayor riesgo de BACVC tras la implementación del paquete de medidas. MÉTODOS: El paquete de medidas consistió en: subclavia como acceso de elección, desinfección con clorhexidina alcohólica 2%, paño estéril de cuerpo entero, funda estéril para ecógrafo y check-list de inserción. La incidencia acumulada (IA) y densidad de incidencia (DI) de BACVC se compararon antes y después de la intervención. La asociación entre las características de pacientes o CVC y BACVC se resumieron mediante odds ratio e intervalos de confianza al 95%, obtenidos mediante regresión logística múltiple, ajustado por edad, sexo, comorbilidades y días con CVC. RESULTADOS: Antes de la implementación del paquete de medidas entre enero-noviembre de 2016 la IA de BACVC fue 5,05% y de DI 5,17‰. En el mismo periodo de 2018 la IA de BACVC fue 2,28% y de DI 2,27‰, suponiendo una reducción del 54% en IA (p = 0,072) y del 56% en DI (p = 0,068). En el análisis multivariable se asociaron a mayor riesgo de BACVC: reemplazo del CVC (OR: 11,01; IC 95%: 2,03-59,60, p = 0,005), 2 o más cateterizaciones (OR: 10,05; IC 95%: 1,77-57,16; p = 0,009) y nutrición parenteral (OR: 23,37; IC 95%: 4,37-124,91; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Las tasas de BACVC disminuyeron tras implementar el paquete de medidas de inserción. El reemplazo del CVC, 2 o más cateterizaciones y la nutrición parenteral se asociaron a BACVC tras implementar el paquete de medidas

INTRODUCTION: Catheter-associated infections are the main cause of nosocomial bacteremia. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate a possible decrease in CLABSI rates in perioperative environment after the implementation of a bundle of measures. Secondary objective was to determine which factors were associated with an increased risk of CLABSI, after the implementation of the bundle. METHODS: Insertion bundle consisted of: subclavian vein as access of choice, disinfection with alcoholic 2% chlorhexidine, central-line full body drapes, sterile ultrasound probe-cable covers and insertion check-list. Cumulative Incidence (CI) and Incidence Density Rate (IR) of CLABSIs were compared before and after the intervention. Associations between patient or CVC characteristic and CLABSI were summarized with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval, obtained from multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and days with CVC. RESULTS: Before implementing the bundle, from January to November 2016, CI of CLABSI was 5.05% and IR was 5.17 ‰. In the same period of 2018, CI of CLABSI was 2.28% and IR was 2.27 ‰, which means a reduction of 54.8% in CI (P=.072) and of 56% in IR (P=.068) In multivariable analyses, replacement of CVC was associated with a higher risk of CLABSI (OR 11.01, 95%CI 2.03-59.60, P=.005), as well as 2 or more catheterizations (OR 10.05, 95%CI 1.77-57.16, P=.009), and parenteral nutrition (OR 23.37, 95%CI 4.37-124.91, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: CLABSI rates decreased after the implementation of the insertion bundle. CVC replacement, 2 or more catheterizations and parenteral nutrition were associated with CLABSI after bundle implementation

Evaluation of the effect of video tutorial training on improving pharmacy students' knowledge and skills about medication reconciliation

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the effect of using an innovative teaching strategy using a video tutorial on enhancing students' knowledge about medication reconciliation, and skills in identifying medication discrepancies. METHODS: This is a one group pre-post interventional study that was conducted at the School of Pharmacy at Applied Science Private University. Sixty pharmacy students were invited to attend an educational sessions that involve watching a 6-minutes video tutorial. The first two levels of the Kirkpatrick's Model were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this training tool. Level 1 (Reaction) was assessed using a satisfaction questionnaire, while level 2 (Learning) was assessed using two criteria: 1) student acquired knowledge about medication reconciliation using a questionnaire and a knowledge score out of 13 was calculated for each student, and 2) student acquired skills in identifying medication discrepancies using a virtual case scenario. If the student was able to identify any of the four impeded discrepancies he/she rewarded 1 point for each identified discrepancy, but if they identified any incorrect discrepancy they scored a negative point. RESULTS: Among the 60 students who registered to participate in the study, 49 attended the educational training (response rate 81.6%). The majority of them (n=44, 89.8%) were satisfied with the training process. Before the video tutorial, students showed an overall low knowledge score [4.08/13.0, SD 1.81], and low ability to identify discrepancies [0.72 identified discrepancies out of 4.0, SD 1.1]. Following the video tutorial, the overall knowledge score was improved (p < 0.001), and students were able to identify more discrepancies after watching the video (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, video education has shown itself to be an effective method to educate pharmacy students. . This visualized method can be applied to other areas within pharmacy education. We encourage the integration of videos within the learning process to enhance students' learning experience and to support the traditional learning provided by the teaching staff

No disponible

Seis semanas de ejercicio físico mejoran la capacidad funcional y la composición corporal en pacientes con Alzheimer / Six weeks of physical exercise improve functional capacity and body composition in Alzheimer's patients

OBJETIVO: El propósito de este estudio fue conocer si seis semanas de ejercicio físico podrían mejorar la condición física y la composición corporal en personas diagnosticadas de Alzheimer. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un programa de entrenamiento donde 13 individuos (78,5±6,4 años) diagnosticados de Alzheimer, realizaron dos sesiones semanales de entrenamiento, en una de ellas se hizo ejercicio aeróbico en cicloergómetro y en la otra, trabajo de equilibrio, fuerza y coordinación. RESULTADOS: Encontramos cambios significativos en la composición corporal (disminución de masa grasa, y aumento de masa muscular), y en la capacidad funcional, reflejados por la mejora en el test de "sentarse y levantarse de una silla", el test de "levantarse, caminar y volverse a sentar", en la escala de Berg y en las mediciones de la velocidad de la marcha. Las mediciones de dinamometría manual se mantuvieron constantes o mejoraron levemente sin significación suficiente. CONCLUSIÓN: La combinación de entrenamiento aeróbico con ejercicios de fuerza, equilibrio y coordinación, dos veces por semana, durante seis semanas en personas con Alzheimer, podría mejorar la capacidad funcional y la composición corporal. Sin embargo, no parece claro que este protocolo de entrenamiento permita mejorar la fuerza de prensión manual

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to know if six weeks of physical exercise allowed to improve physical condition and body composition in people diagnosed with Alzheimer's. METHOD: A training program was carried out where 13 individuals (78.5 ± 6.4 years) diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, performed two weekly training sessions, in one of them aerobic exercise was performed in a cycle ergometer and in the other, they performed balance, strength and coordination exercises. RESULTS: We found significant changes in body composition (decrease in fat mass, and increase in muscle mass), and in functional capacity, reflected by the improvement in the "sitting and getting up from a chair" test, the "getting up," walk and sit down again ", on the Berg scale and on gait speed measurements. The manual dynamometry measurements remained constant or improved slightly without sufficient significance. CONCLUSION: The combination of aerobic training with strength, balance and coordination exercises, twice a week, for six weeks in people with Alzheimer's, could improve functional capacity and body composition. However, it is not clear that this training protocol allows to improve manual grip strength

Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Health systems need timely and reliable access to essential medicines and health commodities, but problems with access are common in many settings. Mobile technologies offer potential low-cost solutions to the challenge of drug distribution and commodity availability in primary healthcare settings. However, the evidence on the use of mobile devices to address commodity shortages is sparse, and offers no clear way forward. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective To assess the effects of strategies for notifying stock levels and digital tracking of healthcare-related commodities and inventory via mobile devices across the primary healthcare system Secondary objectives To describe what mobile device strategies are currently being used to improve reporting and digital tracking of health commodities To identify factors influencing the implementation of mobile device interventions targeted at reducing stockouts of health commodities SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, Global Index Medicus WHO, POPLINE K4Health, and two trials registries in August 2019. We also searched Epistemonikos for related systematic reviews and potentially eligible primary studies. We conducted a grey literature search using mHealthevidence.org, and issued a call for papers through popular digital health communities of practice. Finally, we conducted citation searches of included studies. We searched for studies published after 2000, in any language. SELECTION CRITERIA: For the primary objective, we included individual and cluster-randomised trials, controlled before-after studies, and interrupted time series studies. For the secondary objectives, we included any study design, which could be quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive, that aimed to describe current strategies for commodity tracking or stock notification via mobile devices; or aimed to explore factors that influenced the implementation of these strategies, including studies of acceptability or feasibility. We included studies of all cadres of healthcare providers, including lay health workers, and others involved in the distribution of health commodities (administrative staff, managerial and supervisory staff, dispensary staff); and all other individuals involved in stock notification, who may be based in a facility or a community setting, and involved with the delivery of primary healthcare services. We included interventions aimed at improving the availability of health commodities using mobile devices in primary healthcare settings. For the primary objective, we included studies that compared health commodity tracking or stock notification via mobile devices with standard practice. For the secondary objectives, we included studies of health commodity tracking and stock notification via mobile device, if we could extract data relevant to our secondary objectives. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: For the primary objective, two authors independently screened all records, extracted data from the included studies, and assessed the risk of bias. For the analyses of the primary objectives, we reported means and proportions where appropriate. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence, and prepared a 'Summary of findings' table. For the secondary objective, two authors independently screened all records, extracted data from the included studies, and applied a thematic synthesis approach to synthesise the data. We assessed methodological limitation using the Ways of Evaluating Important and Relevant Data (WEIRD) tool. We used the GRADE-CERQual approach to assess our confidence in the evidence, and prepared a 'Summary of qualitative findings' table. MAIN RESULTS: Primary objective For the primary objective, we included one controlled before-after study conducted in Malawi. We are uncertain of the effect of cStock plus enhanced management, or cStock plus effective product transport on the availability of commodities, quality and timeliness of stock management, and satisfaction and acceptability, because we assessed the evidence as very low-certainty. The study did not report on resource use or unintended consequences. Secondary objective For the secondary objectives, we included 16 studies, using a range of study designs, which described a total of eleven interventions. All studies were conducted in African (Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zambia, Liberia, Uganda, South Africa, and Rwanda) and Asian (Pakistan and India) countries. Most of the interventions aimed to make data about stock levels and potential stockouts visible to managers, who could then take corrective action to address them. We identified several factors that may influence the implementation of stock notification and tracking via mobile device. These include challenges tied to infrastructural issues, such as poor access to electricity or internet, and broader health systems issues, such as drug shortages at the national level which cannot be mitigated by interventions at the primary healthcare level (low confidence). Several factors were identified as important, including strong partnerships with local authorities, telecommunication companies, technical system providers, and non-governmental organizations (very low confidence); availability of stock-level data at all levels of the health system (low confidence); the role of supportive supervision and responsive management (moderate confidence); familiarity and training of health workers in the use of the digital devices (moderate confidence); availability of technical programming expertise for the initial development and ongoing maintenance of the digital systems (low confidence); incentives, such as phone credit for personal use, to support regular use of the system (low confidence); easy-to-use systems built with user participation (moderate confidence); use of basic or personal mobile phones to support easier adoption (low confidence); consideration for software features, such as two-way communication (low confidence); and data availability in an easy-to-use format, such as an interactive dashboard (moderate confidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We need more, well-designed, controlled studies comparing stock notification and commodity management via mobile devices with paper-based commodity management systems. Further studies are needed to understand the factors that may influence the implementation of such interventions, and how implementation considerations differ by variations in the intervention.

Persistencia a largo plazo de los efectos de un programa de mindfulness y autocompasión en profesionales sanitarios de Atención Primaria / Long-term effects of a mindfulness and self-compassion program with Primary Healthcare professionals

INTRODUCCIÓN: La efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness (IBM) y autocompasión sobre el cansancio emocional y el estrés en profesionales sanitarios de Atención Primaria (AP) ha sido demostrada a corto plazo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron valorar si esos efectos persisten a los dos años, y si los resultados encontrados difieren entre quienes practicaron mindfulness habitualmente durante ese tiempo (meditadores) y los que no. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo antes-después y a los dos años de realizar una IBM ofertado a todos los profesionales sanitarios de AP de Navarra, con sesiones grupales de 2,5 horas/semana durante 8 semanas. Se requería asistir al menos al 75% de las sesiones y practicar en casa 45 minutos diarios. En los tres momentos se pasaron cuestionarios para medir los niveles de mind-fulness (FFMQ), autocompasión (SCS), estrés percibido (PSQ) y burnout (MBI). A los dos años tras la intervención se les preguntó si practicaban habitualmente mind-fulness y el tiempo semanal dedicado a ello. RESULTADOS: Aceptaron 48 profesionales y 41 (83% mujeres) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, sin pérdidas en el seguimiento. Las puntuaciones medias en mind-fulness, autocompasión y estrés percibido mejoraron significativamente tras la intervención y a largo plazo (p < 0,001), sin obtenerse diferencias en el nivel de burnout. La mejoría a largo plazo en autocompasión fue mayor en el grupo que meditó regularmente (3,6 puntos vs 1,6). CONCLUSIONES: La efectividad de una IBM persiste a los dos años de la intervención independientemente de si se practicó meditación o no, aunque la autocompasión mejoró significativamente más en los meditadores

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of mindfulness and self-compassion-based interventions (MSCI) on emotional fatigue and stress in Primary Healthcare (PHC) professionals has been demonstrated in the short term. The aims of this work were to assess whether these effects persist after two years, and if the observed results differ between those who practiced mindfulness regularly during the follow-up (meditators) and those who did not. METHODS: Prospective study - pre-post and two years after performing an MSCI that was offered to all PHC professionals in Navarra, with group sessions of 2.5 hours / week for 8 weeks. Attending at least 75% of the sessions and practicing at home for 45 minutes a day were mandatory. At the three moments of the study, questionnaires were distributed to measure levels of mindfulness (FFMQ), self-compassion (SCS), perceived stress (PSQ) and burnout (MBI). At the end of the follow-up period, participants were asked if they were meditators and the time they dedicated to this weekly. RESULTS: Forty-eight professionals were enrolled and 41 (83% women) met the inclusion criteria, without loss to follow-up. Mean scores in mindfulness, self-compassion and perceived stress significantly improved after the intervention and in the long term (p <0.001), without observing differences in the level of burnout. The group of meditators achieved a greater long-term improvement in self-compassion (3.6 points vs. 1.6). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of an MSCI persists two years later regardless of meditator status, although there is a significant improvement in self-compassion in the meditators

Effect of humor intervention on well-being, depression, and sense of humor in hemodialysis patients / Efecto del uso del humor en el bienestar, depresión y sentido del humor en pacientes en hemodiálisis

Objective: To evaluate whether visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions improves subjective well-being and sense of humor, while decreasing stress / anxiety and depression levels, in hemodialysis patients. Material and Method: A pre-test / post-test design study with a non-equivalent control group was carried out in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, in two hemodialysis units of Diaverum Clinics. The study included 34 patients in the intervention group and 33 patients in the control group. The intervention consisted in the visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions for ten sessions over a four-week period. The control group watched neutral movies. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and health information questionnaire (age, gender, nationality, education, occupation, marital status, dialysis session length, presence of hypertension and diabetes); the Subjective Happiness Scale; the satisfaction with life in general; the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale. Student t-tests and t-tests for paired samples were performed. The response to change was evaluated using: the percentage of change, ceiling effect and floor effect, effect size, and the standardized response mean. Results: The levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor increased in the intervention group, but there were no significant increases in satisfaction with life in general. Only depression levels decreased significantly in the intervention group. Conclusions: The visualization of humor movies as a nursing intervention improved the levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor, while decreasing the perception of depressive symptoms

Objetivo: Evaluar si la visualización de películas de humor durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis mejora el bienestar subjetivo y el sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuye los niveles de estrés / ansiedad y depresión, en pacientes con hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio pre-post intervención con un grupo de control no equivalente, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis, en dos unidades de hemodiálisis de Diaverum Clinics. El estudio incluyó a 34 pacientes en el grupo de intervención y 33 pacientes en el grupo de control. La intervención consistió en la visualización de películas de humor durante diez sesiones de hemodiálisis en un período de cuatro semanas. El grupo control vio películas neutrales. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y de salud (edad, sexo, nacionalidad, educación, ocupación, estado civil, duración de la sesión de diálisis, presencia de hipertensión y diabetes); la escala subjetiva de felicidad; la escala de satisfacción general con la vida; la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) y la escala multidimensional de sentido del humor. Se emplearon pruebas t-Student y pruebas t para muestras pareadas. La respuesta al cambio se evaluó utilizando: el porcentaje de cambio, el efecto pico y el efecto base, el tamaño del efecto y la media de respuesta estandarizada. Resultados: Los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor aumentaron en el grupo de intervención, pero no hubo aumento significativo en la satisfacción general con la vida. Solo los niveles de depresión disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo de intervención. Conclusiones: La visión de las películas de humor como una intervención de enfermería mejoró los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuyó la percepción de los síntomas depresivos

Evaluation of an interprofessional naloxone didactic and skills session with medical residents and physician assistant learners

Background: The CDC has reported 399,230 opioid-related deaths from 1999-2017. In 2018, the US surgeon general issued a public health advisory, advising all Americans to carry naloxone. Studies show that enhanced naloxone access directly reduces death from opioid overdose. Despite this, health care professional learners report low knowledge and confidence surrounding naloxone. Therefore, it becomes critical that medical education programs incorporate didactic and experiential sessions improving knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding harm reduction through naloxone. Objectives: 1. Describe the components and evaluation of a replicable and adaptable naloxone didactic and skills session model for medical providers; 2. Report the results of the evaluation from a pilot session with family medicine residents and physician assistant students; and 3. Share the session toolkit, including evaluation surveys and list of materials used. Methods: In July 2017, a literature search was completed for naloxone skill training examining best practices on instruction and evaluation. A training session for family medicine residents and physician assistant learners was designed and led by University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy faculty. The same faculty designed a pre and post session evaluation form through internal review on elements targeting naloxone knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. Results: The training session included one hour for a didactic and one hour for small group live skills demonstration in four methods of naloxone administration (syringe and ampule, nasal atomizer, branded nasal spray and auto injector). Forty-eight participants showed statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in knowledge (67.5% to 95.9%), attitudes (71.2% to 91.2%), and self-efficacy (62.1% to 97.8%) from pre to post assessment. Forty-four of 48 participants agreed that the pace of the training was appropriate and that the information will be of use in their respective primary care practices. Supply costs for the session were USD 1,200, with the majority being reusable on subsequent trainings. Conclusions: Our study of a naloxone didactic and skills session for primary care trainees demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes. It provides an adaptable and efficient model for delivery of knowledge and skills in naloxone administration training. The pilot data suggest that the training was efficacious

No disponible

The contribution of telemedicine to hepatitis C elimination in a correctional facility

Background: micro-elimination has been recently proposed as an efficient strategy to achieve global hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. The Spanish Health Ministry Strategic Plan for hepatitis C infection highlighted intervention in prisons as a priority action. However, there are important barriers associated with the specialized care provision to the penitentiary population. Aims: to assess the contribution of telemedicine for HCV elimination in a correctional facility in Spain. Methods: an open label program of HCV elimination via telemedicine was started on February 3rd, 2015 in a large penitentiary of 1,200 inmates, as an alternative to referring patients to specialists. An anonymous satisfaction survey was performed among a random sample of inmates and all participating doctors. Results: the prevalence of HCV viremia prior to program initiation was 12.4%. One hundred and thirty-one patients received DAA HCV treatment during the period 2015-2018; 42.74% had a HCV-HIV co-infection. Overall, 97% achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). A second regime of DAA successfully rescued non-responder patients and the HCV prevalence was zero at the end of the program. Satisfaction was high or very high according to 67% of inmates and all participating doctors. Conclusion: telemedicine is an effective tool for HCV elimination in penitentiary correctional facilities where referral to specialists is difficult. The extensive use of this technology should be recommended in this setting in order to facilitate equitable access to specialized care

No disponible

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health.

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated as a means to reduce the consumption of SSB. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of environmental interventions (excluding taxation) on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened milk, diet-related anthropometric measures and health outcomes, and on any reported unintended consequences or adverse outcomes. SEARCH METHODS: We searched 11 general, specialist and regional databases from inception to 24 January 2018. We also searched trial registers, reference lists and citations, scanned websites of relevant organisations, and contacted study authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included studies on interventions implemented at an environmental level, reporting effects on direct or indirect measures of SSB intake, diet-related anthropometric measures and health outcomes, or any reported adverse outcome. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs), controlled before-after (CBA) and interrupted-time-series (ITS) studies, implemented in real-world settings with a combined length of intervention and follow-up of at least 12 weeks and at least 20 individuals in each of the intervention and control groups. We excluded studies in which participants were administered SSB as part of clinical trials, and multicomponent interventions which did not report SSB-specific outcome data. We excluded studies on the taxation of SSB, as these are the subject of a separate Cochrane Review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included studies. We classified interventions according to the NOURISHING framework, and synthesised results narratively and conducted meta-analyses for two outcomes relating to two intervention types. We assessed our confidence in the certainty of effect estimates with the GRADE framework as very low, low, moderate or high, and presented 'Summary of findings' tables. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 14,488 unique records, and assessed 1030 in full text for eligibility. We found 58 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, including 22 RCTs, 3 NRCTs, 14 CBA studies, and 19 ITS studies, with a total of 1,180,096 participants. The median length of follow-up was 10 months. The studies included children, teenagers and adults, and were implemented in a variety of settings, including schools, retailing and food service establishments. We judged most studies to be at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain, and most studies used non-randomised designs. The studies examine a broad range of interventions, and we present results for these separately.Labelling interventions (8 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that traffic-light labelling is associated with decreasing sales of SSBs, and low-certainty evidence that nutritional rating score labelling is associated with decreasing sales of SSBs. For menu-board calorie labelling reported effects on SSB sales varied.Nutrition standards in public institutions (16 studies): We found low-certainty evidence that reduced availability of SSBs in schools is associated with decreased SSB consumption. We found very low-certainty evidence that improved availability of drinking water in schools and school fruit programmes are associated with decreased SSB consumption. Reported associations between improved availability of drinking water in schools and student body weight varied.Economic tools (7 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that price increases on SSBs are associated with decreasing SSB sales. For price discounts on low-calorie beverages reported effects on SSB sales varied.Whole food supply interventions (3 studies): Reported associations between voluntary industry initiatives to improve the whole food supply and SSB sales varied.Retail and food service interventions (7 studies): We found low-certainty evidence that healthier default beverages in children's menus in chain restaurants are associated with decreasing SSB sales, and moderate-certainty evidence that in-store promotion of healthier beverages in supermarkets is associated with decreasing SSB sales. We found very low-certainty evidence that urban planning restrictions on new fast-food restaurants and restrictions on the number of stores selling SSBs in remote communities are associated with decreasing SSB sales. Reported associations between promotion of healthier beverages in vending machines and SSB intake or sales varied.Intersectoral approaches (8 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that government food benefit programmes with restrictions on purchasing SSBs are associated with decreased SSB intake. For unrestricted food benefit programmes reported effects varied. We found moderate-certainty evidence that multicomponent community campaigns focused on SSBs are associated with decreasing SSB sales. Reported associations between trade and investment liberalisation and SSB sales varied.Home-based interventions (7 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that improved availability of low-calorie beverages in the home environment is associated with decreased SSB intake, and high-certainty evidence that it is associated with decreased body weight among adolescents with overweight or obesity and a high baseline consumption of SSBs.Adverse outcomes reported by studies, which may occur in some circumstances, included negative effects on revenue, compensatory SSB consumption outside school when the availability of SSBs in schools is reduced, reduced milk intake, stakeholder discontent, and increased total energy content of grocery purchases with price discounts on low-calorie beverages, among others. The certainty of evidence on adverse outcomes was low to very low for most outcomes.We analysed interventions targeting sugar-sweetened milk separately, and found low- to moderate-certainty evidence that emoticon labelling and small prizes for the selection of healthier beverages in elementary school cafeterias are associated with decreased consumption of sugar-sweetened milk. We found low-certainty evidence that improved placement of plain milk in school cafeterias is not associated with decreasing sugar-sweetened milk consumption. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence included in this review indicates that effective, scalable interventions addressing SSB consumption at a population level exist. Implementation should be accompanied by high-quality evaluations using appropriate study designs, with a particular focus on the long-term effects of approaches suitable for large-scale implementation.

Somatotipo y composición corporal de drogodependientes ingresados en un programa de deshabituación de drogas / Somatotypeand body composition of drug addicts admitted into a dishabituation program

FUNDAMENTOS: El consumo excesivo de drogas provoca alteraciones fisiológicas que comprometen el estado corporal del paciente. El objetivo fue determinar el somatotipo de pacientes drogodependientes en rehabilitación mediante el uso de bioimpedancia y pliegues corporales, estableciendo la utilidad del somatotipo como herramienta para la planificación de terapia física preventiva de las comorbilidades presentes durante el desuso de drogas. MÉTODOS: Para determinar el somatotipo se midieron pliegues cutáneos usando la metodología ISAK. Para la composición corporal se empleó bioimpedancia. También, se calculó el Índice de masa corporal (IMC) al momento de ingreso y en diferentes tiempos de rehabilitación. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que el 16,66% de la muestra tuvo sobrepeso al momento de ingreso al programa de rehabilitación, donde la mayoría de los pacientes fueron varones (72,22%). La evaluación de la composición corporal mostró un 58,33% de pacientes con sobrepeso, de los cuales uno presentó obesidad tipo I. CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que sin distinción de sexo y posterior a 45 días de rehabilitación, todos los pacientes poseen una moderada adiposidad; evidenciándose que el cálculo del somatotipo sugiere ser una herramienta adecuada para establecer una terapia física que ayude a la prevención de las comorbilidades frecuentes por abandono del consumo de drogas

BACKGROUND: The excessive consumption of drugs causes physiological alterations that compromise the patient's body condition. The aim was to determine the somatotype of drug addicts in rehabilitation by the use of bioimpedance and skin fold measurements, stablishing the utility of the somatotype as a tool for the planning of preventive physical therapy of the comorbidities present during the drug process. METHODS: Measurement of skin folds, according to ISAK methodology was used to determine the somatotype. Bioimpedance was used for determining body composition. Also, Body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the time of admission to the program and on different rehabilitation stages. RESULTS: The results shows that 16.66% of the sample was overweight at the time of admission to rehabilitation, where the majority of patients were male (72.22%). The evaluation of the body composition showed that 58.33% of the patients had overweight, from which one patient had type I obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The studied population showed endo-mesomorphs characteristics. In conclusion, due to after 45 days of rehabilitation all the patients have a moderate adiposity; somatotype calculation suggests being an adequate tool to stablish physical therapy for prevention of frequent comorbidities due to abandonment of drug use

Efectos de un programa de danza española en mujeres con fibromialgia / Effects of a spanish dance program on women with fibromyalgia / Efeitos de um programa de dança espanhola em mulheres com fibromialgia

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de danza española sobre el nivel sintomático, la capacidad funcional, diversas variables psicológicas y la composición corporal en una muestra de mujeres con fibromialgia. Un total de 43 mujeres de 45 a 70 años participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó un diseño intra-sujeto con medidas pre y post-test. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Analógica Visual (VAS), el Cuestionario de Impacto de la Fibromialgia (FIQ), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI), la Escala Hamilton de Ansiedad (HARS), la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (TMMS-24), el cuestionario Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF5), el cuestionario de Perfil del Estado de Ánimo (POMS) y un bioimpediciómetro Tanita(R) BC-601. Los resultados mostraron efectos positivos después del programa, con mejoras en el estado de ánimo, la ansiedad psíquica y somática, así como la depresión

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of a Spanish dance program on symptomatic level, functional capacity, psychological variables and body composition in a sample of women with fibromyalgia. A total of 43 women aged 45 to 70 years participated in the study. An intra-subject design with pre and post-test measurements was used. The instruments used were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), the Self-concept form 5 questionnaire (AF5), the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS) and a bioimpediciometer Tanita(R) BC-601. The results showed positive effects after the program, with improvements in mood, psychic and somatic anxiety, as well as depression

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um programa de dança espanhola no nível sintomático, capacidade funcional, diversas variáveis psicológicas e composição corporal em uma amostra de mulheres com fibromialgia. Um total de 43 mulheres com idade entre 45 e 70 anos participaram do estudo. Um desenho intra-sujeito foi usado com medições pré e pós-teste. Os instrumentos foram a Escala Analógica Visual (VAS), o Impact Questionnaire Fibromialgia (FIQ), o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Ansiedade Traço Estado Inventory (IDATE), Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HARS), Escala de inteligência emocional (TMMS-24), o Autoconcepto Form 5 (AF5) questionário Mood States (POMS) Perfil questionário e bioimpediciómetro Tanita 2 BC-601. Os resultados mostraram efeitos positivos após o programa, com melhorias no humor, ansiedade e depressão psíquica e somática

Reversión de sobrepeso y obesidad en población infantil de Vilafranca del Penedès: Programa ACTIVA'T (2012) / Reversion of overweight and obesity in Vilafranca del Penedès child population: ACTIVA'T Program (2012)

Objetivo: Describir los resultados sobre el estado nutricional de niños/as de 8 a 14 años con sobrepeso u obesidad y poco activos/as, antes y después de una intervención nutricional con promoción de la actividad física (Programa ACTIVA'T). Método: Estudio antes-después en población infantil (8-14 años) de Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona) con sobrepeso u obesidad y poco activos, aleatorizados en grupo control (n = 51, 47,1% niñas, intervención nutricional y actividad física ≤3h/sem) y en grupo ACTIVA'T (n = 45, 37,8% niñas, intervención nutricional y actividad física ≥5h/sem). Se determinaron el índice de masa corporal, el índice cintura/altura y la calidad de la dieta mediante el test KIDMED al inicio y al final del estudio. Durante la intervención, cada participante estuvo acompañado/a por un familiar (padre o madre) que realizó las mismas actividades que los/las niños/as. Resultados: Las recomendaciones dietéticas han cambiado positivamente los hábitos del grupo ACTIVA'T y del grupo control. La reversión en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ha sido del 93,8% y el 58,6%, respectivamente, en el grupo ACTIVA'T, frente al 25,0% y el 35,8% en el grupo control. La obesidad abdominal se redujo del 42,2% al 17,8% en el grupo ACTIVA'T y del 47,1% al 27,5% en el grupo control. Conclusiones: El programa de educación nutricional y promoción de la actividad física ACTIVA'T mejora la calidad de la dieta y revierte la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población infantil poco activa

Objective: To assess a 6-month nutritional and physical activity intervention program on the nutritional status of overweight or obese and not very active 8-14 years old children by means of a controlled pre-post design (ACTIVA'T program). Method: Pre-post study in 8-14 years old overweight or obese and low active children from Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain) randomized in control group (n = 51, 47.1% girls, nutritional intervention and ≤3h/wk physical activity) and ACTIVA'T group (n = 45, 37.8% girls, nutritional and physical activity ≥5h/wk intervention). Body mass index, waist/height index, and diet quality by means of KIDMED test at the beginning and at the end of the program were assessed. During the intervention, each participant was accompanied by a relative (father or mother) who performed the same activities as the children. Results: Dietary recommendations have positively changed the habits of both ACTIVA'T and control group. The reversion in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 93.8% and 58.6%, respectively, in the ACTIVA'T group, compared to 25.0% and 35.8% in the control group. Abdominal obesity was decreased from 42.2% to 17.8% in the ACTIVA'T group and from 47.1% to 27.5% in the control group. Conclusions: The program ACTIVA'T (nutritional education and physical activity promotion) improves the quality of diet and reverses the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the underactive child population

Repercusiones del tratamiento psicoterapéutico sobre indicadores psicosomáticos en el paciente en hemodiálisis / Impact of psychotherapeutic treatment of psychosomatic indicators in hemodialysis patients

Introducción: Aunque las relaciones psico-somáticas y los efectos del tratamiento psicológico en el desarrollo de enfermedades ha sido un tema de interés en las últimas décadas, no existen estudios con pacientes renales en hemodiálisis. Objetivo: Evaluar las repercusiones psicológicas y físicas de la aplicación de psicoterapia en el paciente renal en hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Estudio cuasi experimental. 39 personas recibieron atención psicológica entre 3 y 18 meses. Se les aplicaron los cuestionarios de depresión de Beck y Ansiedad-Rasgo antes y después del tratamiento con psicoterapia, y mientras duró dicho tratamiento también se registraron los valores de frecuencia cardiaca, tensión arterial, peso seco y ganancia hídrica inter-sesiones. Resultados: Tras el tratamiento psicológico los niveles de depresión descendieron en todos los pacientes excepto en aquellos con depresión leve, y en el caso de la ansiedad, tan sólo descendió en los pacientes con ansiedad elevada. La única variable fisiológica que mostró variaciones durante el tratamiento psicológico fue la ganancia hídrica inter-diálisis, que describió una tendencia lineal descendiente en 24 casos. Conclusiones: Las repercusiones del tratamiento psicológico pueden verse reflejadas en una variación de los niveles de ansiedad y depresión, así como en una disminución de las ganancias de líquido interdiálisis

Introduction: Although psychosomatic relationships and the effects of psychological treatment in the development of diseases has been a topic of interest in recent decades, there are no studies with renal patients on hemodialysis. Objective: To evaluate the psychological and physical repercussions of the application of psychotherapy in renal patients on hemodialysis. Material and Method: Quasi-experimental study. 39 people received psychological attention between 3 and 18 months. Beck depression and anxiety-trait questionnaires were applied before and after the treatment with psychotherapy, and during treatment the values of heart rate, blood pressure, dry weight and inter-session water gain were also recorded. Results: After psychological treatment depression levels decreased in all patients except those with mild depression, and in the case of anxiety, decreased only in patients with high anxiety. The only physiological variable that showed variations during the psychological treatment was the inter-dialysis water gain, which described a descending linear trend in 24 cases. Conclusions: The impact of psychological treatment can be reflected in a change in levels of anxiety and depression as well as a decrease in inter-dialytic water gain

Propiedades psicométricas del Profile of Mood States (POMS) en personas con demencia y su aplicación en la evaluación de los efectos de la danza creativa terapéutica / Psychometric properties of Profile of Mood States (POMS) in people with dementia and its application in the evaluation of the effects of therapeutic creative dance

Introducción. Existe una creciente necesidad de estudios científicos e instrumentos que permitan evaluar los efectos en el plano afectivo de algunas terapias no farmacológicas para personas con demencia, como la danza creativa terapéutica. Objetivos. Determinar la validez y fiabilidad del Profile of Mood States (POMS) en personas con demencia y analizar las posibles diferencias en las puntuaciones de los participantes antes y después de sesiones de danza creativa terapéutica. Pacientes y métodos. El POMS se administró a 36 personas con demencia antes y después de cuatro sesiones grupales de danza creativa terapéutica. Para comprobar la validez de constructo se administraron dos cuestionarios autoinformados (PANAS y STAXI-2). Resultados. El POMS presentó una buena consistencia interna para cada factor y excelente para la escala total. La estabilidad temporal fue media-alta. Los resultados de validez convergente apoyan la validez de constructo. Después de las sesiones de danza creativa terapéutica, los factores tensión, depresión y confusión del POMS se redujeron, mientras que el factor vigor aumentó significativamente. No hubo ningún efecto sobre la fatiga y la cólera. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado la validez y fiabilidad del POMS en una población con demencia. La danza creativa terapéutica puede ofrecer beneficios emocionales para personas con demencia

Introduction. There is a growing need for scientific studies and tools that allow the evaluation of the effects at an affective level of some non-pharmacological therapies for people with dementia such as the creative therapeutic dance. Aims. To explore the validity and reliability of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in people with dementia and to analyse the possible differences in the scores of the participants before and after sessions of creative therapeutic dance. Patients and methods. POMS was administered to 36 people with dementia before and after four group sessions of creative therapeutic dance. To verify the construct validity, PANAS and STAXI-2 were also administered. Results. The POMS presented a good internal consistency for each factor and an excellent one for the total scale. The temporal stability was medium-high. Convergent validity results support construct validity. After the creative therapeutic dance sessions, POMS factors tension, depression and confusion were reduced, while vigour increased significantly. There was noeffect on fatigue and anger.Conclusions. The validity and reliability of POMS have been demonstrated in a population with dementia. Creative therapeutic dance can offer emotional benefits for people with dementia

Implementación multimodal de una guía de práctica clínica en bronquiolitis: acabando con el uso excesivo de recursos diagnósticos / Multimodal implementation of clinical practice guidelines on bronchiolitis: ending the overuse of diagnostic resources

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las Guías de Práctica Clínica han demostrado ser herramientas valiosas para orientar las decisiones de los médicos. Su mera publicación no ha reducido la variabilidad en el manejo de la bronquiolitis aguda, y se siguen utilizando de forma excesiva determinados recursos para su atención. MÉTODO: Mediante una investigación con un diseño antes-después, se estudió la efectividad de un método de difusión de recomendaciones diagnósticas para el manejo de lactantes hospitalizados por bronquiolitis. Pacientes con comorbilidades, exprematuros y los que fueron trasladados a otros centros sanitarios fueron excluidos. Los recursos diagnósticos estudiados fueron: radiografía de tórax, hemograma, proteína C reactiva, hemocultivo, gasometría venosa y determinación de virus respiratorio sincitial. Se analizaron un total de 11 temporadas epidémicas. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 259 pacientes, 98 en el periodo preintervención (2006-10) y 131 en el posintervención (2011-17). La intervención se llevó a cabo en octubre de 2010 y 2011. Comparando los dos periodos, disminuyó el uso de radiografía de tórax, 73,5 a 16% (p < 0,01); hemograma 51 a 21,4% (p < 0,01), PCR 48 a 22,1% (p < 0,01) y hemocultivo 23,5 a 7,6% (p < 0,01). La duración de la hospitalización disminuyó 0,6 (DE = 1) días y no hubo diferencias en los reingresos. CONCLUSIONES: La difusión organizada y sistematizada, mediante un método multimodal, de las recomendaciones diagnósticas contenidas en una guía de práctica clínica sobre bronquiolitis, es capaz de transformar la práctica médica, reduciendo el uso de recursos diagnósticos, sin incrementarse los reingresos

INTRODUCTION: Clinical Practice Guidelines have been shown to be valuable tools for guiding medical decisions. However, their mere publication has not reduced the variability of practice in terms of the way acute bronchiolitis is managed. METHOD: A before-and-after study design was used to analyse the effectiveness of a method of disseminating diagnostic recommendations among physicians regarding the management of infants, hospitalised due to bronchiolitis. Patients with comorbidities, ex-premature patients, and patients transferred to other hospitals were excluded. The diagnostic resources studied were: chest X-ray, full blood count, C-reactive protein, blood culture, venous blood gas, and determination of the respiratory syncytial virus. Eleven epidemic periods were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 259 patients were studied including 98 in the pre-intervention group (2006-2010), and 131 in the post-intervention group (2011-2017). The intervention took place in October of 2010 and 2011. A comparison of the two periods showed that the use of chest X-rays dropped from 73.5% to 16% (p<.01), full blood counts from 51% to 21.4% (p<.01), C-reactive protein from 48% to 22.1% (p<.01), and blood cultures from 23.5% to 7.6% (p<.01). Length of stay dropped by 0.6 (SD: 1) days and there were no differences in re-admission rates. CONCLUSIONS: The organised and systematised dissemination, using a multimodal method, of the diagnostic recommendations contained in the clinical practice guidelines on bronchiolitis, is capable of transforming the clinical practice by reducing the use of diagnostic resources, without an increase in the re-admission rate